(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PECL pdo:0.1-1.0.3)
PDO->errorCode() — Fetch the SQLSTATE associated with the last operation on the database handle
Returns a SQLSTATE, a five-character alphanumeric identifier defined in the ANSI SQL-92 standard. Briefly, an SQLSTATE consists of a two-character class value followed by a three-character subclass value. A class value of 01 indicates a warning and is accompanied by a return code of SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO. Class values other than '01', except for the class 'IM', indicate an error. The class 'IM' is specific to warnings and errors that derive from the implementation of PDO (or perhaps ODBC, if you're using the ODBC driver) itself. The subclass value '000' in any class indicates that there is no subclass for that SQLSTATE.
PDO->errorCode() only retrieves error codes for operations performed directly on the database handle. If you create a PDOStatement object through PDO->prepare() or PDO->query() and invoke an error on the statement handle, PDO->errorCode() will not reflect that error. You must call PDOStatement->errorCode() to return the error code for an operation performed on a particular statement handle.
Example#1 Retrieving a SQLSTATE code
<?php
/* Provoke an error -- the BONES table does not exist */
$dbh->exec("INSERT INTO bones(skull) VALUES ('lucy')");
echo "\nPDO::errorCode(): ";
print $dbh->errorCode();
?>
上例将输出：
PDO::errorCode(): 42S02