We have all heard of HTML. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. What is a hypertext markup language, you ask? It is a language for specifying how certain text should appear. When you design a web page, you want certain content or text to be displayed in a specific way. You may want some text to appear in bold or italics, while other text you may want to display larger or in color.

我们都知道HTML。HTML代表超文本链接语言。你可能会问我：到底什么是“超文本链接语言”。他是用于指定文本的显示方式的。当你设计网页时，你一定希望以一种特定的方式显示内容和文本。你可能希望某些文本以粗体字或斜体字显示，而其它字体，你可能希望它显示得大点或以其它颜色显示。

HTML is not the only type of markup language. There are markup languages that apply to other types of applications, such as word processing or other software applications. However, HTML was by far the most important markup language ever created, as it became the standard for displaying information on what is now known as the world wide web, or internet.

HTML并不是唯一的标记语言。这里还有其它可应用于应用程序中的标记语言，如：word 处理或其它的软件应用程序。然而，HTML自从创建之初就成为了最为重要的标记语言，它已经成为了万维网或互联网上信息显示的标准。

However, HTML is not the only markup language being used on the internet today. Another, better version of HTML evolved as programmers began to realize that HTML was innately flawed in a variety of ways.

然而，在今天，HTML并不是唯一在互联网上使用的标记语言。随着HTML版本的不断发展，程序员越来越意识到HTML在很多方面的缺陷。

By 1999, a new specification was written in a language called XML, which forms the basis for XHTML. The World Wide Web Consortium says the following about XHTML:

直到1999年，一种新版本的标记语言出现了，它就是XML。它构成了XHTML的基本原则。W3C[万维网联盟]是这样描述XHTML的：

The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) is a family of current and future document types and modules that reproduce, subset, and extend HTML, reformulated in XML. XHTML family document types are all XML-based, and ultimately are designed to work in conjunction with XML-based user agents. XHTML is the successor of HTML, and a series of specifications has been developed for XHTML.

扩展超文本标记语言(XHTML)是现在以及将来所使用的文本样式和模型。这种样式和模型复制、包容、扩展了HTML，并重新以XML进行了定义。XHTML文档都是基于XML的，最终，它是和基于XML的用户代理相联系在一块的。XHTML继承了HTML，并且，它还包含了其它一系列新的规范。

XHTML is what is known as a meta-language, which is a language for defining a markup language. To put it simply, SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is the basis for HTML. XML is a more refined subset of SGML, and forms the basis for XHTML. On the whole, XHTML allows for more flexibility than HTML.

众所周知，XHTML是一种（meta-language：元语言），它是用于定义标记语言的。简单地说，SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language：标准广义标记语言)是HTML所遵循的基本原则。XML是SGML中相对更为精确的一个子集部分，它是XHTML所遵循的基本原则。总的来说，XHTML相对于HTML来说，机动性更强。

XHTML was developed for two reasons: (1) to try to create a language that could more effectively convey the meaning of a particular webpage to a computer, and (2) to create a layout for webpages that would be universally understood by browsers running on different platforms or on different types of screens, whether it be a PC platform with a standard 800 X 600 monitor, a laptop, a cell phone, or any other device.

这里有两个原因促进了XHTML的发展： （1）人们试图创建一种能够更加有效地与计算机进行交互的页面；（2）人们试图创建一种支持所有显示器及所有操作平台的页面布局方式，不论它是一个分辨率为800x600的PC显示器，或是一个膝上型电脑、手机及其它设备。

So, to all you web designers out there, it is probably time to start designing your most important web pages in XHTML. As almost every electronic device on the market is now equipped with internet access, it is important to use a versatile programming language like XHTML so that your web pages can be viewed and properly formatted across a wide variety of platforms.

因此，对于所有的网页设计者来说，都应该尽可能地使用XHTML来设计网页中最为重要的部分。在市场中，几乎所有的电子设备都安装了访问互联网的设备，因此，使用一种通用的语言（如：XHTML）来进行程序设计就显得尤为重要。因为你的页面可以被所有类型的操作平台所正常访问。

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