Websites are such useful tools. They are great for sharing information, selling products, and staying in touch and up to date with family and friends. As a web designer with some "hard knocks" experience under my belt I would like to share some tips for getting started that should make the process a little easier and a little less confusing. The basics that you need to know about putting together a website are keep it simple, keep it relevant, and keep it accessible.

网站是非常有用的工具。我们可以使用它来共享信息、销售产品以及与家人或朋友保持联系。作为在网站设计中屡次碰壁的设计者来说，我将给他们一些提示，以简化他们的设计过程，消除他们的疑虑。这个原则就是：保持网站的简明性、相关性和可访问性三型的统一。

Keep It Simple
保持简明性

Keep it simple is one of the most overused clichés in the business world but, in this case, it is an absolutely necessary cliché. By telling you to keep your website simple I am in no way advocating that you make it dull, uninteresting, and boring. Not at all, in fact, I am saying quite the opposite. If a website is too cluttered with visuals it will not be easy to navigate. If a person cannot find what it is they are looking for than they will not come back to your site, even if what they need is on your site. Make sure that your design has a specific focus. There should be a homepage that easily directs people to the specific section of your site that they need to get to. The last time I was exposed to the information I read that the average attention span of Americans is slightly less than two minutes. It becomes even shorter when they are browsing the Internet because there is so much to look at. If they cannot find what they want on your site immediately, there are hundreds of other places they can look. Also, don't put a lot of Flash stuff on your site; the extra time it takes up will make viewers impatient.

通常说到网站制作的简明性，人们立刻会想到，需要在整个网站中使用黑字白底的形式，不加任何修饰。但是，也不能一味的这样。我让你保持简明性，不是在宣称把网站做成阴暗枯燥的风格。事实上，我要表达的意思刚好相反。如果一个网站看上去过于混乱，那么它的导航系统肯定不会清晰明了；即使你的网站包含了浏览者所需要的信息，但是他们没有办法找到这类信息，那么他们就不会再光顾你的网站。确保你的网站必须包含一个特定的焦点主题；主页的导航系统必须清晰易辨，能够帮助浏览者很快地找到他们感兴趣的主题。那么最后一点我要告诉大家的是，大部分美国人的思维集中时间超过两分钟；对于网络浏览者来说，这个时间更短，因为互联网的信息实在太多太多。如果他们不能迅速找到所需要的信息，他们马上会去其它网站上寻找这些信息，因为现在网站多着呢！同样地，不要在你的网站上放过多的flash，因为它将会占用大部分的下载时间，这会使浏览者感到不耐烦。

Keep It Relevant
保持相关性

It is amazing the number of websites that are dedicated to one subject but then just throw all kinds of other stuff in there. If someone is looking to buy quilts they don't really want to have to wade through vacation pictures to get to the quilt page. Also, if someone is looking for a specific topic, subject, or item and they see something else when they get to your homepage, they won't stick around long enough to realize that they are at the right spot. They will leave and find another site to browse. That ties in with the simplicity of your site as well. Irrelevant material makes a website complicated. Even things like random 'jokes of the day' or comic strips, while funny I'm sure, will drive more people away than bring them in.

令人感到惊讶的事情是：很多专业性网站中包含了其它很多不相关的内容。如果你一个用户想要买一套棉被，那么他就不会点击一张和旅游相关的图片去查看棉被销售页面。同样地，当一个人在你的主页上查找一个具体的主题或与其相关的主题时，如果他不能很快的找到想要的东西，他就不会在这个页面上停留过多的时间，他们会去别的网站上查找。所以，这也就要求你的网页必须简洁明了。与网站主旨不相关的资料会使网站变得非常复杂。我确信，即使是加上“开心一天”或笑话专题也只会使你的浏览者避而远之。

Keep It Accessible
保持可访问性

There are two things to consider when dealing with accessibility issues, outside accessibility and inside accessibility. These two, if mastered, will drive people to your site and keep them coming back over and over. These two, if disregarded, will leave you with a nice, clean, unused site that does nothing more than take up cyberspace.

说到“可访问性”这个议题，有两点需要注意：外部可访问性和内部可访问性。如果掌握了这两点，那么你的网站就会不断地吸引浏览者，让他们一遍又一遍地来观看你的网站；如果你忽略了这两点，那么只能让你的网站变得空荡无味，除了占用了大量的服务器空间之外，再也不会有什么其它的特点了。

Outside Accessibility
外部可访问性

In order for people to get to your site they have to be able to find it. Sure, you can hand out business cards and email the URL to all your friends, but that is not where the majority of your traffic comes from. You have to make sure that your site can be found by searching the major search engines. In order to do this, you have to have content that will register hits when web browsers perform a search. For instance, if you are selling woven baskets you, obviously, want to make sure that your site mentions, in a readable way, that you are selling woven baskets. You would also want to make sure that your site mentions that you are selling crafts as there are people who would be interested in buying your baskets but would search for "crafts for sale". These are called keywords and you want to make sure that you have enough of them to register when a search is performed.

为了能够让人们找到你的网站地址，你可以向你所有的朋友发送商务卡片或email， 并且在上面写上网站的URL。但是要记住，这并不是主要的宣传途径。你必须保证你的网站能够被搜索引擎搜录。为了实现这个目的，你必须保证浏览搜索到你网站的内容是会点击并查看它。举个例子来说，如果你想出售“编织篮”，你必须要用最简明的语言来介绍你的站点和产品，告诉客户你是卖“编织篮”的。你必须还要确定，你的手工“编织篮”能够引起某些对手工艺品感兴趣的人的注意，并且还要保证他们在搜索框中输入“出售手工产品”这样的字眼能够找到你的网站介绍。上述的“出售手工产品”就叫做关键词。你必须保证搜录了足够多的与你网站相关的关键词。

Inside Accessibility
内部可访问性

Inside Accessibility This merely ties back in with keeping it simple. If someone goes to your site where you sell all different kinds of arts and crafts, but they are only interested in buying Popsicle stick bird feeders, you need to have an easy way for them to find what they are looking for. Otherwise, they will just go somewhere else. It is always a good idea to have a search option for within your site to accommodate easy browsing.

内部可访问性是为了方便访问者访问网站的内部信息。如果一个人在你的站点上查找所有不同类型的艺术品和手工制品的销售信息，但他们只对棒冰棍和奶瓶感兴趣，那么你就需要为他们提供一条方便的途径来找到类似的信息；否则，他们就会到其它网站上去查找这些信息。这里提供一个好的方法：你可以在你的站点中安放一个搜索选项，以帮助浏览者选择他们需要查找的产品分类。这是一个非常好的选择。

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