TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the Internet.
TCP/IP是因特网的通讯协议。

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Computer Communication Protocol
计算机通讯协议

A computer communication protocol is a description of the rules computers must follow to communicate with each other.
计算机通讯协议是具体描述的是计算机在彼此通讯时必须遵照的规则。

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What is TCP/IP?
什么是TCP/IP？

TCP/IP is the communication protocol for communication between computers connected to the Internet.
TCP/IP是联网计算机之间的通讯协议。

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP代表“传输控制协议/网际协议Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol”。

The standard defines how electronic devices (like computers) should be connected to the Internet, and how data should be transmitted between them.
这个标准的定义了电子设备（如：计算机）如何与英特网进行互联以及如何在他们之间传输数据。

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Inside TCP/IP
TCP/IP内部

Hiding inside the TCP/IP standard there are a number of protocols for handling data communication:
隐藏在TCP/IP内部的标准有许多处理数据通讯的协议：

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication between applications 
  TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)在应用程序间的通讯
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol) simple communication between applications
  UDP(User Datagram Protocol)在应用程序之间的简单通讯
• IP (Internet Protocol) communication between computers
  IP(Internet Protocol)在计算机间的通讯
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for errors and statistics
  ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol)用于错误检查和统计
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for dynamic addressing
  DHCP是用于分配动态地址

You will learn more about these standards later in this tutorial.
你将在以后的教程中学到更多有关这些标准的内容。

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TCP Uses a Fixed Connection
TCP使用固定连接

TCP is for communication between applications.
TCP是用于应用程序间的通讯。

When an application wants to communicate with another application via TCP, it sends a communication request. This request must be sent to an exact address. After a "handshake" between the two applications, TCP will setup a "full-duplex" communication between the two applications.
当一个应用程序想通过TCP和其他应用程序通讯时，它将会发送通讯请求。这个请求必须被发送到一个精确的地址。在2个应用程序“对接（handshake）”之后，TCP会在2个应用程序中安装一个“全双工通讯器（full-duplex）”通讯装置。

The "full-duplex" communication will occupy the communication line between the two computers until it is closed by one of the two applications.
这个“全双工通信制（full-duplex）”装置会占据2台计算机之间的通讯线路，直到2个应用程序中的其中1个被关闭之后，这个装置才会失效。

UDP is very similar to TCP, but is simpler and less reliable.
UDP与TCP非常类似，但是它更简单、更可靠。

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IP is Connection-Less
IP是无连接的

IP is for communication between computers.
IP是用于计算机间的通讯。

IP is a "connection-less" communication protocol. It does not occupy the communication line between two communicating computers. This way IP reduces the need for network lines. Each line can be used for communication between many different computers at the same time.
IP是无连接的通讯协议。它不会占据2台正在通讯的计算机的通讯线路。由于IP的这个特点，我们并不需要耗费过多的网线。在同一时间内，每一条线路都能用于多个计算机之间的通讯。

With IP, messages (or other data) are broken up into small independent "packets" and sent between computers via the Internet.
通过IP，信息（或者其他数据）都是首先被分散成一个个小型独立“信息包”，然后通过因特网在计算机间进行发送。

IP is responsible for "routing" each packet to its destination.
 IP负责对每个文件信息包寻址，并将其发送到指定目的地。

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IP Routers
IP路由器

When an IP packet is sent from a computer, it arrives at an IP router.
当一个IP信息包从一台电脑发出时，它首先到达IP路由器。

The IP router is responsible for "routing" the packet to its destination, directly or via another router.
IP路由器是直接或间接路径，将目标文件的信息包发送至指定路径。

The path the packet will follow might be different from other packets of the same communication. The router is responsible for the right addressing depending on traffic volume, errors in the network, or other parameters.
路径以及信息包（The path the packet）似乎与其它有相同通讯功能的信息包不大一样，它们具有跟踪功能。路由器依据信息流量、网络中的错误及误差或其它参数负责帮助这些信息包进行正确的寻址定位。

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Connection-Less Analogy
无连接的模拟

Communicating via IP is like sending a long letter as a large number of small postcards, each finding its own (often different) way to the receiver.
通过IP的通讯就如同把一份内容很长的信用大量小型明信片的形式发送，而且每个都将以它独有的方式发送给接受者。

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TCP/IP

TCP/IP is TCP and IP working together.
TCP/IP是指TCP和IP之间是协同工作的。

TCP takes care of the communication between your application software (i.e. your browser) and your network software.
TCP的作用是负责你的应用软件（比如：IE浏览器）和网络软件之间的通讯。

IP takes care of the communication with other computers.
IP的作用是负责本机和其他计算机之间的通讯。

TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive.
在数据被发送之前，TCP会先把它们打散，并将其存入一个个IP信息包；当它们达到指定位置时，再将这些打散后的信息包集合起来。

IP is responsible for sending the packets to the receiver.
IP负责把这些信息包发送给信息接受者。

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