HTML Links
HTML链接

When you click on a link in an HTML document like this: Last Page, an underlying <a> tag points to a place (an address) on the Web with an href attribute value like this: <a href="lastpage.htm">Last Page</a>.
当你在一个HTML文档中点击像"Last Page(最新页)" ,一个带下划线的<a>标签通过一个href属性值像:<a href="lastpage.htm">Last Page</a>.来指向一个地方(一个地址)。

The Last Page link in the example is a link that is relative to the Web site that you are browsing, and your browser will construct a full Web address like http://www.ruanchen.com/tech/school/html/lastpage.htm to access the page.
例子中那个LastPage链接是一个连接到你正在浏览的网站,而且你的浏览器会有一条完整的地址就像:http://www.ruanchen.com/tech/school/html/lastpage.htm 去访问页面。

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Uniform Resource Locators
同类资源探测器

Something called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the World Wide Web. A full Web address like this: http://www.ruanchen.com/tech/school/html/lastpage.htm follows these syntax rules:
有些称URL是用来给万维网上的文档或者其他数据来指定地址的。一条完整的WEB地址像这样:http://www.ruanchen.com/tech/school/html/lastpage.htm遵循着这些语句规则:

scheme://host.domain:port/path/filename 

The scheme is defining the type of Internet service. The most common type is http.
scheme是定义系统服务类型.最普通的就是http

The domain is defining the Internet domain name like w3schools.com.
domain就是用来定义网上使用的域名像w3schools.com

The host is defining the domain host. If omitted, the default host for http is www.
host就是来定义域名的主机.如果是缺省的,http的就为www

The :port is defining the port number at the host. The port number is normally omitted. The default port number for http is 80. 
:port是为主机定义端口号的.一般都是缺省的.http默认端口号为80.

The path is defining a path (a sub directory) at the server. If the path is omitted, the resource (the document) must be located at the root directory of the Web site.
path被用于定义在服务器里的一条路径(一个子目录).如果路径是缺省的,那源件必须是锁定在网站的根目录下.

The filename is defining the name of a document. The default filename might be default.asp, or index.html or something else depending on the settings of the Web server.
filename用于定义文档的名称.默认的文件名可能是default.asp或者是index.html或者是别的由WEB服务器设置的文件.

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URL Schemes
网址系统

Some examples of the most common schemes can be found below:
下面是一些经常会看到的服务:

Schemes	Access
file	a file on your local PC 一个在你PC上的文件
ftp	a file on an FTP server 在FTP服务器上的文件
http	a file on a World Wide Web Server 在WEB服务器上的文件
gopher	a file on a Gopher server 在Gopher服务器上的文件
news	a Usenet newsgroup 一个Usenet新闻组
telnet	a Telnet connection Telnet链接
WAIS	a file on a WAIS server 在WAIS服务器上的文件

 

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Accessing a Newsgroup
访问一个新闻组

The following HTML code:
以下HTML代码:

<a href="news:alt.html">HTML Newsgroup</a>

creates a link to a newsgroup like this HTML Newsgroup.
建立了一条去新闻组的连接像这样HTML Newsgroup.

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Downloading with FTP
用FTP下载

The following HTML code:
以下HTML代码:

<a href="ftp://www.ruanchen.com/ftp/winzip.exe">Download WinZip</a>

creates a link to download a file like this: Download WinZip.
建立了一条可以下载一个文件的连接像这样:Download WinZip.

(The link doesn't work. Don't try it. It is just an example. ruanchen doesn't really have an ftp directory.)
(连接是无效的.别去尝试,这只是一个例子,ruanchen并没有真正的FTP目录.)

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Link to your Mail system
链接到你的邮件系统

The following HTML code:
以下的HTML代码:

<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>

creates a link to your own mail system like this:
建立了一条到你邮箱系统的连接像这样:

[email protected]

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