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Schema (XSD) 中的 XML Schema restriction 元素


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Definition and Usage
定义和用法

The restriction element defines restrictions on a simpleType, simpleContent, or complexContent definition.
restriction元素的作用是:为simpleType[简单类型]、simpleContent[简单内容]或complexContent[复合内容]定义一个限制属性。

Element Information
元素信息

  • Parent elements: simpleType, simpleContent, complexContent
    父类元素: simpleType[简单类型]、simpleContent[简单内容]、complexContent[复合内容]

Syntax
语法

<restriction
id=ID
base=QName
any attributes
>
Content for simpleType:
(annotation?,(simpleType?,(minExclusive|minInclusive|
maxExclusive|maxInclusive|totalDigits|fractionDigits|
length|minLength|maxLength|enumeration|whiteSpace|pattern)*))
Content for simpleContent:
(annotation?,(simpleType?,(minExclusive |minInclusive|
maxExclusive|maxInclusive|totalDigits|fractionDigits|
length|minLength|maxLength|enumeration|whiteSpace|pattern)*)?,
((attribute|attributeGroup)*,anyAttribute?))
Content for complexContent:
(annotation?,(group|all|choice|sequence)?,
((attribute|attributeGroup)*,anyAttribute?))
</restriction>

(The ? sign declares that the element can occur zero or one time inside the restriction element)
“?”符号用于声明元素在restriction元素中允许出现的次数(0次或1次)

属性 描述
id Optional. Specifies a unique ID for the element
可选参数。为元素指定一个独立的ID
base

Required. Specifies the name of a built-in data type, simpleType element, or complexType element defined in this schema or another schema
必要参数。指定在当前这个schema元素中或其它的schema元素中定义的内置数据类型、simpleType[简单类型]元素或complexType[复合类型]元素的名称

any attributes Optional. Specifies any other attributes with non-schema namespace
可选参数。指定其它的属性(这些属性无schema命名空间)

Example 1
案例1

This example defines an element called "age" with a restriction. The value of age can NOT be lower than 0 or greater than 100:
该案例定义了一个名为“age”的元素(包含一个限制属性)。age值不允许小于0或大于100:

<xs:element name="age"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:integer"> <xs:minInclusive value="0"/> <xs:maxInclusive value="100"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType>
</xs:element>

Example 2
案例2

This example also defines an element called "initials". The "initials" element is a simple type with a restriction. The only acceptable value is THREE of the LOWERCASE OR UPPERCASE letters from a to z:
这个案例定义了一个名为“initials”的元素。“initials”元素是一个简单类型元素(包含一个限制属性)。它仅允许使用从“a”到“z”的字母(大写和小写均可使用):

<xs:element name="initials"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z]"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType>
</xs:element> 

Example 3
案例3

This example defines an element called "password". The "password" element is a simple type with a restriction. The value must be minimum five characters and maximum eight characters:
这个案例定义了一个名为“password”的元素。“password”元素是一个简单类型元素(包含一个限制属性)。它仅允许使用的字符串长度为大于等于5,小于等于8:

<xs:element name="password"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:minLength value="5"/> <xs:maxLength value="8"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType>
</xs:element>

Example 4
案例4

This example shows a complex type definition using restriction. The complex type "Norwegian_customer" is derived from a general customer complex type and its country element is fixed to "Norway":
这个案例展示了一个使用限制属性的复合类型元素。复合类型“Norwegian_customer”来自于一个普通的customer[客户]复合类型和它所对应的country[国家]元素(该案例中的country属性为固定值“Norway”):

<xs:complexType name="customer"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name="Norwegian_customer"> <xs:complexContent> <xs:restriction base="customer"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string" fixed="Norway"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:restriction> </xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType>

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