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CSS 伪类

出处:互联网   整理: 软晨网（RuanChen.com）   发布: 2009-03-01   浏览: 771 ::
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CSS pseudo-classes are used to add special effects to some selectors.
CSS伪类可用来给一些选择器加上特殊效果。

实例

Hyperlink
This example demonstrates how to add different colors to a hyperlink in a document.
如何在文档内给超级连接加上不同的颜色

Hyperlink 2
This example demonstrates how to add other styles to hyperlinks.
如何给超级连接加上其他样式

:first-child (不能在IE中运行)
This example demonstrates the use of the :first-child pseudo-class.
演示  :first-child伪类的用法

:lang (不能在IE中运行)
This example demonstrates the use of the :lang pseudo-class.
演示  :lang伪类的使用方法

语法

The syntax of pseudo-classes:
伪类语法：

selector:pseudo-class {property: value}

CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes:
类也可以使用伪类：

selector.class:pseudo-class {property: value}

Anchor Pseudo-classes
锚点伪类

A link that is active, visited, unvisited, or when you mouse over a link can all be displayed in different ways in a CSS-supporting browser:
当一个连接处于 活动，被访问，未访问或是当你鼠标移动到上面的时候都可以给它以不同的方式来表现，前提是浏览器支持CSS:

a:link {color: #FF0000} /* unvisited link */
a:visited {color: #00FF00} /* visited link */
a:hover {color: #FF00FF} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color: #0000FF} /* selected link */

Note: a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
注意 a:hover 必须在a:link和 a:visited后出现，要有顺序才能正常显示效果！

Note: a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
注意： CSS中a:active必须出现在a:hover定义后才能有效果！

Note: Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.
注意：伪类名称不区分大小写

Pseudo-classes and CSS Classes
伪类和CSS类

Pseudo-classes can be combined with CSS classes: 
伪类可以与CSS类组合使用：

a.red:visited {color: #FF0000}
<a class="red" href="css_syntax.asp">CSS Syntax</a>

If the link in the example above has been visited, it will be displayed in red.
如果上面的连接已经被访问过了，它就会显示为红色

CSS2 - The :first-child Pseudo-class
CSS2 中:first-child伪类

The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another element.
:first-child伪类会匹配指定元素的子元素

In this example, the selector matches any p element that is the first child of a div element, and indents the first paragraph inside a div element:
在这个例子中，选择器匹配任何一个在DIV元素中第一个P子元素，而且它的首个段落会缩进：

div > p:first-child
{
text-indent:25px
}

This selector will match the first paragraph inside the div in the following HTML:
选择器会匹配下面HTML中DIV里第一个段落：

<div>
<p>
First paragraph in div.
This paragraph will be indented.
</p>
<p>
Second paragraph in div.
This paragraph will not be indented.
</p>
</div>

but it will not match the paragraph in this HTML:
但它就无法在这个HTML中匹配段落了：

<div>
<h1>Header</h1>
<p>
The first paragraph inside the div.
This paragraph will not be indented.
</p>
</div>

In this example, the selector matches any em element that is the first child of a p element, and sets the font-weight to bold for the first em inside a p element:
在这个例子中选择器会与任何一个P元素的第一子em元素进行匹配，并且设置P元素内的第一个em为粗体：

p:first-child em
{
font-weight:bold
}

For example, the em in the HTML below is the first child of the paragraph:
举个例子，下面HTML中的em就为段落的第一子元素：

<p>I am a <em>strong</em> man.</p>

In this example, the selector matches any a element that is the first child of any element, and sets the text-decoration to none:
在这个例子中，选择器将与任何一个以a为第一子元素的元素进行匹配，并且没有文字修饰：

a:first-child
{
text-decoration:none
}

For example, the first a in the HTML below is the first child of the paragraph and will not be underlined. But the second a in the paragraph is not the first child of the paragraph and will be underlined:
举个例子，下面HTML中第一个连接就没有下横线显示，但第二个连接就有：

<p>
Visit <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">W3Schools</a>
and learn CSS!
Visit <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">W3Schools</a>
and learn HTML!
</p>

CSS2 - The :lang Pseudo-class
CSS2 :lang伪类

The :lang pseudo-class allows you to define special rules for different languages. In the example below, the :lang class defines the type of quotation marks for q elements with a lang attribute with a value of "no":
:lang伪类允许定义不同语言的特殊规则。在下面的例子里:lang类通过一个lang属性值为"no"定义了q元素的引号类型: 

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
q:lang(no)
{
quotes: "~" "~"
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q>
Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>

Pseudo-classes
伪类

浏览器支持: IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

伪类 意图 IE F N W3C
:active Adds special style to an activated element
指定活动元素的样式		 4 1 8 1
:focus Adds special style to an element while the element has focus
为焦点元素加上指定样式		 - - - 2
:hover Adds special style to an element when you mouse over  it
指定当你的鼠标移到元素上时所要表现的样式		 4 1 7 1
:link Adds special style to an unvisited link
连接在未被访问前的样式		 3 1 4 1
:visited Adds special style to a visited link
在其链接地址已被访问过时的样式		 3 1 4 1
:first-child Adds special style to an element that is the first child of some other element
第一个子对象的样式		   1 7 2
:lang Allows the author to specify a language to use in a specified element
设置元素使用特殊语言的内容的样式。		   1 8 2

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