Every Web team has its own take on dividing up roles and responsibilities and implementing processes for design and development. Formal titles, job descriptions, and reporting structures can vary widely. But the best teams I've encountered have one important thing in common: their team structure and processes cover a full range of distinct competencies necessary for success.

不同的网站建设团队，具备不同的网站构建方法，网站的标题、内容、结构会根据构建团队的不同，产生很大的差别。但我遇到的所有最佳团队具备一个共同特点：团队结构、设计过程包含成功所需的各种因素。

I've come to think of these competencies as the Nine Pillars. In a successful team, we can quickly and clearly identify which team members have which of these nine competencies, and where these competencies come into play in the design and development processes. When the system seems to be breaking down, it's often because one of the pillars is missing, either from the team structure or from the process.

我把这些因素总结成九方面。在成功的团队中，我们可以快速、简单地发现哪些成员具备这九种能力，这些能力如何发挥在网站设计、开发过程中。通常，如果缺少一项因素（或者在团队结构中，或者在设计过程中），团队就会解体。

Pillar By Pillar
各种因素相互作用

Here's a diagram showing the Nine Pillars and how they interrelate. The Pillars range from strategic competencies needed to develop broad-ranging, long-term approaches to tactical competencies needed to address the immediate, practical details of execution. Let's look at the Pillars one by one, from the most strategic to the most tactical.

下面的图表（Here's a diagram）清楚显示出各种因素之间的联系。这些因素从长期、整体的战略能力，延伸到具体实施的战术能力，下面我们逐个分析各项因素。

1. User Research: User-centered design means understanding what your users need, how they think, and how they behave - and incorporating that understanding into every aspect of your process. User research provides the raw observations that fuel this insight into the people your site must serve.

1. 用户研究:以用户为中心的网站设计，要求设计者了解用户的需要、用户的想法以及用户的行动，并且把了解到的内容渗透到网站建设的方方面面。这个过程帮助设计者了解网站受众。

2. Site Strategy: Defining your own goals for the site can be surprisingly tricky. Arriving at a common understanding of the site's purpose for your organization, how you'll prioritize the site's various goals, and the means by which you'll measure the site's success are all matters of site strategy.

2. 网站设计策略:制定网站目标非常重要。了解网站建设目的之后，才能区分网站各种目标的先后顺序，以及确定网站建设的各种方法。

3. Technology Strategy: Web sites are technologically complex, and getting more intricate all the time. Identifying the technology strategy for the site - platforms, standards, technologies, and how they can all interoperate - is essential to avoiding costly mistakes.

3. 技术运用策略:网站建设很复杂，需要综合考虑各项技术，只有首先确定网站构建平台、构建标准、构建技术等内容，才能避免出现设计错误。

4. Content Strategy: Content is often the reason users come to your site. But what content can you offer to meet your users' expectations? How much content is appropriate, and what form should it take? What style or tone should it have? Before you can produce that content, you need to answer fundamental content strategy questions such as these.

4. 内容安排策略:通常，内容是吸引用户浏览网站的原因，但何种内容可以吸引用户呢？内容量应该如何呢？内容安排应该采取何种形式呢？内容应该采用何种感情色彩呢？构建内容之前，首先回答诸如此类的基本问题。

5. Abstract Design: Information architecture and interaction design translate strategic objectives into a conceptual framework for the final user experience. These emerging disciplines addressing abstract design are increasingly recognized for their value in the Web development process.

5. 抽象设计:信息布局以及设计内容把战略目标转化成基本概念。网站开发过程中，我们会逐渐认识到抽象设计的价值。

6. Technology Implementation: Building technical systems involves a lot of hard work and specialized knowledge: languages and protocols, coding and debugging, testing and refactoring. The more complex your site, the more important a competency in technology implementation becomes.

6. 技术执行策略:构建技术体系需要付出艰苦的努力，并且需要设计者具备专业知识：语言及规程、编码与调试、测试与修改。网站越复杂，对设计者的技术执行能力要求越高。

7. Content Production: Knowing what content you need isn't enough. You also need to know how you'll produce it. Gathering raw information, writing and editing, and defining editorial workflows and approvals are all part of content production.

7. 内容组织能力:了解网站需要的内容还不够，你还需要了解组织内容的方法。收集原始信息，修改、编辑信息、确定合适信息，都是设计者需要做的。

8. Concrete Design: Before the abstract design can become a fully realized user experience, you must determine the specific details of interfaces, navigation, information design, and visual design. This realm of concrete design is essential to creating the final product.

8. 具体内容设计:在抽象设计被用户理解以前，你必须确定界面、导航、信息设计、外观设计。网站内容设计是构建网站的必要环节。

9. Project Management: The hub that binds all the tactical competencies together as well as the engine that drives the project forward to completion, project management requires a highly specialized set of skills all its own. Neglecting this area often results in missed deadlines and cost overruns.

9. 网站管理:网站管理需要设计者综合利用战术能力，这样才能推动网站的运行。网站管理需要一套专门方法，如果忽视这项内容，会导致网站构建时间延长、网站成本增加。

Putting the Pillars Into Practice
九种因素的应用

Does this mean that every Web team has to have at least nine people on it? Not necessarily. It's very common to have team members with multiple competencies.

难道要求网站构建团队中至少具备九个人吗？不是的，通常，某些团队成员具备多种能力。

This is especially true for the strategic competencies, which are often paired with complementary tactical competencies. For example, someone with a strong grounding in technology implementation frequently takes on technology strategy as well, and many concrete designers also have an aptitude for abstract design. On the other hand, many organizations find they need several team members to fill out a single competency (especially in the case of the more tactical pillars).

一些成员在具备战略决策能力的同时，同样具备战术实施能力，比如说，具备很强技术操作能力的某些成员，通常可以规划技术实施策略；很多具体内容设计者，可以进行抽象设计。另一方面，很多网站设计团队需要几个人具备一种能力（尤其是在战术实施方面）。

How you end up structuring your team and your process will depend largely on the specific circumstances of your organization. But by building your practices on the Nine Pillars, you can be assured that you aren't missing any competencies that are essential to your site's success.

网站建设团队的经济状况是决定团队人员构成、网站设计过程的主要因素。然而，设计中只要具备了这九个因素，网站建设就会成功。

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