A veteran Leica street shooter contacted me with complaints about her new digital camera. She's an established black and white shooter, using a Leica M6 with a wide angle lens to shoot people unaware of the camera in their natural surroundings.

一位经验丰富的莱卡街头摄影师向我抱怨她新买的数码相机。她利用莱卡M6相机的广角镜，拍摄黑白模式的照片，捕捉周围环境中普通人的生活。

Excited by her new digital acquisition, she took to the streets after a scan of the "quick start" portion of the user manual and shot in the Automatic mode.

刚拿到数码相机时，她很高兴。迅速看了一下用户速成手册，设置成自动模式，就跑到街上去了。

Her complaint? "I'm just not getting the same kind of shots that I do with my M6."

她的抱怨是什么呢？“使用这种数码相机拍摄的效果为何达不到M6的那种效果呢。

As the teens at the mall say, "Well, duh!" She had just learned about the phenomenon of most digital cameras called "exposure lag," non-existent in her conventional Leica. My advice to her was to learn the manual exposure functions of her digital camera through a thorough reading of the user manual and try to emulate the techniques she uses with her Leica.

在林荫路上拍摄的时候，她发现了一种大多数相机共有的特点，叫做“曝光延迟”，但这个现象在她以前的相机种并没有出现过。我建议她，阅读用户手册上的手动曝光功能，效仿以前利用莱卡相机拍摄的技术。

Drum Band in Edinburgh: Photo by Jim Patterson（《爱丁堡鼓乐队》：Jim Patterson摄影）

Here are those suggestions, many of which will apply to all digital cameras:
下面介绍一些相机使用方法，有些可能对你的相机也适用。

1. Turn off the flash. Since she shoots in available light anyway, having the camera decide whether the auto flash is needed adds to exposure lag.

1. 把闪光灯关掉。由于摄影时需要利用可见光， 需要考虑是否在自动闪光灯开启的时候，附加曝光延迟的功能。

2. Use manual focus and set the focus distance to about 10 feet. With her Leica, she uses pre-set focus distance, works to shoot within that focus range and relies upon depth-of-field for sharpness. Why not do the same with the digital and eliminate the time-consuming automatic focus function?

2. 使用手动调焦，把焦距设置为十尺左右。在使用莱卡相机的时候 ，她使用原始焦距，在此焦距范围内进行拍摄，利用景深提高拍摄质量。在使用数码相机的时候，为什么不抛弃耗时的自动聚焦功能呢？利用手动功能效果可以更好。

3. Shoot in aperture preferred mode with the lens set to wide angle and choose the smallest aperture. This will increase the inherent depth of field just as it does with her Leica.

3. 在大角度镜头的光圈下，进行拍摄，光圈要最小。这样可以增加内在景深，就像她用莱卡相机拍摄一样。

4. Increase the exposure sensitivity. Her digital camera's default sensitivity is the equivalent of ISO 80. However, it can be set manually to ISO 100, 200 or 400. Using ISO 400 will provide faster shutter speeds. The higher sensitivity may result in some noise (grain) just as it does with film.

4. 增加曝光灵敏度。她的数码相机的曝光灵敏度与ISO80规定的标准相同，并且可以调整到ISO100、200甚至400 的标准，ISO400会使快门速度加快。就像拍电影一样，更高的灵敏度可能会使照片失真。

5. Shoot in black and white mode. Although digital cameras record black and white images as three-channel RGB, less electronic noise is exhibited in the gray scale mode. The screen shot below shows the blue channels of an RGB color shot (left) and a grayscale (but still in its RGB mode) on the right. Note the color noise that shows up in the color version. All three grayscale channels exhibit the same exact lack of noise.

5. 在黑白模式下拍摄。虽然数码相机通过RGB三种颜色的配比，以黑白两种颜色记录拍摄的影像，该影像的效果会在灰色模式下展示出一种类似少量电光照射的效果。在拍摄时，屏幕的左边显示RGB模式下的蓝屏模式，右边则显示灰度模式。在彩色模式下拍摄时，注意不要出现色彩失真的情况。同时使用这三种灰度模式，几乎不会出现失真的情况。




RGB vs. Grayscale channels (Click to enlarge)

6. Shoot in "Normal" versus "Fine" quality mode. Her camera compresses images in JPEG and the Normal mode reads the image to the memory card about twice as fast as in Fine mode. I've found it's almost impossible to discern a quality difference in comparing images from the two modes. Further, it doubles the number of exposures available.

6. 在标准和优质版本之间做一个选择。她的数码相机把图片压缩为JPEG格式，标准状态下，相机读取图像的速度很快，大约是优质状态下的2倍，我发现这两种状态下，图片的质量基本没有差别。

7. Extend the period of time before the camera goes to sleep. In her camera, the default is 30 seconds of inactivity before the camera shuts down its exposure readiness. Setting the period to five minutes ensures against losing a shot because her camera is automatically reawakening.

7. 不要超过相机的睡眠时间。她的相机默认的睡眠时间是30秒。因为相机会自动进入睡眠状态，请把睡眠状态出发时间设定为5分钟以上，以确保不会失去一个最佳的拍摄机会。

8. Turn off the LCD monitor and use the viewfinder to shoot. Precious seconds are lost if the monitor has to review the last shot made. Leaving the monitor off also extends battery life.

关闭LCD显示器，利用探视镜进项拍摄。如果显示器回顾上一次的拍摄，时间就会浪费掉。关闭显示器可以延长电池的使用时间。

9. Use NiMH batteries and carry a spare charged set. Keeping the camera awake for a longer time will decrease battery life.

利用NiMH电池，并且需要准备一块备用电池。长时间开机会减少电池使用寿命。

My camera has three "user sets" available and one of these sets is customized to the above settings. I switch to it whenever I am prowling a location in search of people shots rather than scenery.

我的数码相机有三套使用方案，其中有一套就是根据以上的建议设置的，当我去街头拍摄人物的时候，我就会使用这套设置。

Using this mode, I worked in close to a percussion band in Edinburgh, Scotland, and noticed the pair of lovers on the steps of the art museum in the background. Preset depth-of-field carried the day to help me capture the scene at the top of this column.

利用这个相机模式，我近距离地拍摄了苏格兰爱丁堡的打击乐队，拍摄了一对情侣在美术馆台阶上的照片。景深的设计帮助我在柱状物的顶部拍摄了这张照片。

Another technique I use for street shooting is to employ my camera's swivel LCD monitor and shoot from waist level, looking down at the camera and not at my subject. Or I swivel the monitor to an advantageous angle and shoot with only the lens pointing at the subject. This is the technique used to capture the five members of a Thai family on their motorbike.

我街头拍摄的另外一个方法就是利用旋转的LCD显示器，从腰部俯视相机进行拍摄。或者，我会把显示器调整到一个有利的拍摄角度，镜头对准目标进行拍摄。我利用这种方法拍摄到了下面这张照片：《摩托车上的泰国一家人》。



Five Thais on a Bike: Photo by Jim Patterson（《摩托车上的泰国一家人》：Jim Patterson摄影）

After a few weeks my street shooter friend reported that she was doing much better with her digital camera although it's "still not quite the same as my M6." But now she's horrified at the monster size of her Photoshop files. Since she's a Photoshop neophyte as well, I referred her to my Planet Photoshop column on resizing and told her about saving her images as gray scale TIFFs.

几周以后，那个街头摄影朋友告诉我：虽然还是与M6不同，但她的拍摄已经好多了，但现在她对Photoshop文件的型号感到迷惑。因为她对Photoshop 不是很熟悉，我建议她到我的Planet Photoshop专栏上，学习一下如何改变照片的尺寸，并且告诉她在灰度TIFFs下保存相片的方法。。

The great Henri Cartier-Bresson is famous for having captured "the decisive moment." Your neighborhood is full of decisive moments. Capturing them digitally can be easier if you work to decrease exposure lag.

伟大的摄影师Henri Cartier-Bresson，就是因为捕捉到了具有决定性意义的一瞬间，才会闻名于世界。其实你的周围充满了这样的瞬间，如果你能减少曝光延迟，你会非常容易捕捉到。

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