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Other factors that affect the online environment, and what we can do to mitigate their impact.
这里要指出的是,我们还可以使用其它关键要素来减轻网络环境中存在的冲突和不便。
Simple web designs prove more effective in many ways.
我们可以通过各种方法来制作简洁明了的网页,从而增加它的浏览效率。
On this page:
页面效果包含下面几个重要因素:
Because the web is truly worldwide, people accessing your web site might be from very different cultures.
因为互联网是真正意义上的全球性网络,因此,这里将会有形形色色,并带有不同文化、风俗和信仰的人群访问你的网站。
Also, because you don't know how a user arrived, you don't know what prior experience they may have of your company, products or services.
同时,因为你不清楚这些用户是通过什么途径进入你的网站的(毕竟是茫茫人海啊),因此,用户对你的公司以及你提供的服务和产品的总体印象你也将一无所知。
You don't know how the user got here
你并不了解用户是通过什么方法或途径访问你的网站的
You can't always be sure what route a user has taken to get to your web page.
通常情况下,你不能够确定用户是通过什么方法或途径访问你的网站的。
What we can do
那么,碰到上述这样的问题,我们能做些什么呢?
Connection speed
连接速度
Users may be connecting to a web site over a slow connection, as low as 0.5KB/second for mobile phone access. It's not only the user's nominal maximum connection speed that affects the real transfer rate. A typical user on a 55.6 modem will get a realistic transfer rate of about 3-4KB/second, but may get significantly less at busy times. An overladen web server may also be a bottleneck. Minimising total page size not only improves usability, but helps speeds up every part of the system.
用户访问你站点的速度可能很慢,如果是用移动电话访问的话,可能只有0.5KB/S。这里要强调的是:用户的实际传输速率远远比名义最大访问速率小。典型的例子是:55.6KB/S的Moden在一般状态下的传输速率大概只有3-4KB/S,如果是“网络高峰期”,大概还会更少。一个“高承载”的服务器可能会遇到传输瓶颈。因此,减少页面的尺寸不仅仅能够改进页面的可用性,并且还能提高用户的浏览速度。
What we can do
那么,碰到上述这样的问题,我们能做些什么呢?
Time delay between client and server
客户端和服务器端的时间延迟问题
There's always some lag between any web server and browser, no matter what the user's connection speed. Anything more than 1/10 of a second response time is noticeable. The longer the delay before the browser starts to render your web page, the more likely your user is to abandon the attempt. Anything over ten seconds wait appears generous today, so responsiveness can make a vital difference to online success.
无论用户的连接速度有多快,网络服务器和浏览器之间的交互通常会出现延迟现象。一般超过1/10秒的延迟,人们就会有所感觉。那么,浏览器向服务器发出的请求时间越长,用户就更有可能放弃尝试连接该网站。如果一个人能够等待响应超过十秒钟,那么他已经是非常有耐心的人了(这样的人很少)。因此,响应时间对于网站的成功起到至关重要的作用。
What we can do
那么,碰到上述这样的问题,我们能做些什么呢?
Variation in Fonts
字体差异
Different computers and devices use different fonts. Macintoshes have different fonts than PCs. Some of the fonts that you might assume are universal really aren't, e.g. for a long time font xxxx has been installed with MS Office.
不用的电脑和设备使用不同的字体。Macintoshes[(Mac)麦金托什机:苹果公司于1984年推出的一种系列微机],他拥有比普通个人计算机更多的字体。其中的许多字体我们都假定它是通用的,但事实并不是这样,举个例子来说,一直以来,MS Office对该类字体的显示都是xxxx[即:不能显示该字体]。
e.g. Conclusively the best font for rendering general body text on a Windows PC is Verdana (because it's wide-pitch and sans-serif). Macs don't come with Verdana!
案例:如今,Windows PC 中使用的最广泛的英文字体是Verdana,因为它是“宽螺距、无衬线[衬线:字母主线端的短细线,如在M 的顶部和底部的细线]”的字体。但是Macs[苹果机]却不支持该字体。
What we can do
那么,碰到上述这样的问题,我们能做些什么呢?
Do not create a design that depends on a specific font being installed on the client's computer. Definitely set general body fonts to sans-serif. Best practice style (in my opinion) is:
尽量使用所有电脑都通用的字体来创建和设计网页,最大限度的使用无衬线字体。我认为最好使用下面这个字体样式:
font-family:verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; |
Only use other faces at particular times when quick, mass readability is less of a priority. e.g. It's okay to use a serif face in a large size for headers; and it's okay to use fixed-pitch faces (e.g. Courier) for code snippets. The rest of the time, stick with the general sans, and concentrate your creative energies elsewhere.
旨在迫切需要提高可读性的情况下使用其它类别的字体,但要降低它的优先级别。例如:在header[页首]中使用“大尺寸含衬线”字体;在代码片断中使用“固定螺距”字体(如:Courier字体);其它的部分,使用“无衬线”字体。请记住:一定要在每个页面中体现出你的创造性精神。
Variation in Colours
颜色差异
A minority of older computers can only display 256 different colours. These colours are slightly different on PC and Macintosh platforms, but there are 216 common colours that reproduce well on both. This is the 216-colour web-safe palette. You can be sure that pretty well everyone accessing a site designed using only the web-safe colour palette will see the same thing. There are other ways of browsing web sites
少数的老版本电脑只能用256色显示。这些颜色在PC机上和Mac[苹果]机上是存在差别的,但是,其中的216色是相同的。因此,便形成了216色web-safe[网络通用]调色板。我的建议是:尽量在所有的页面上使用216色web-safe[网络通用]调色板上的颜色,从而保证每个不同的访问者[来自于不同的电脑]所看到的颜色是相同的。这也是建站中需要注意的一点。
What we can do
那么,碰到上述这样的问题,我们能做些什么呢?
Support for HTML/CSS/JavaScript/Flash
对HTML/CSS/JavaScript/Flash的支持
Not all browsers can support the latest HTML or CSS. Some people aren't allowed to install the Flash plugin. Very few browsers indeed can't run JavaScript (but the majority of these must be screen readers or low-res browsers on other platforms.
并不是所有的浏览器都支持最新版本的HTML或CSS,有些人甚至还不允许安装Flash插件;极少数浏览器也不允许运行JavaScript,但是,大多数浏览器还是支持运行这些插件和脚本程序的。
What we can do
那么,碰到上述这样的问题,我们能做些什么呢?
These days, you can get away with relying on your target user being able to see use content that runs in Flash or DHTML. I'd add the caveat that you must consider your target market (not just your ideal user, but anyone who *should* be able to get your message), and make sure you're clued up on the percentage of people who might be excluded if you use certain formats.
这段时间,如果你侥幸希望你的目标客户在flash中或是DHTML(动态HTML)网页中查看内容,那么,我要告诫你的是:你必须要考虑到你的目标市场,千万不要幻想存在那么多理想客户,要保证他们能够方便、及时地获取所需的信息。还有一点,当你使用特定的格式时,必定会有一部分人会排斥这种格式,所以,你还必须得想办法把这些人留住。
Accessibility
便利访问性
What we can do
那么,碰到上述这样的问题,我们能做些什么呢?